This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. Other increases included a 3 percentage point increase in both magistrates and HMPPS (excluding probation) to 56% and 40%, respectively. The indictable offences for which the highest numbers of female offenders were sentenced in 2019 were: Theft from shops (9600 were sentenced, 3% of all sentences given to female offenders in 2019); Assault of an emergency worker (2700 sentenced); Fraud by false representation: cheque, plastic card and online bank accounts (940 sentenced); Possession of a Class A drug (870 sentenced); and. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. A huge 40% of married American households feature a woman who is a primary breadwinner, but only 3% of American spousal support arrangements are paid to ex-husbands. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. Female representation among court judges continued to steadily increase, similarly to the last five years (28% in 2016; 32% in 2020). Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Between 2015 and 2019 the median time from offence to charge increased for both females and males to varying degrees, up 10% and 33% respectively. , Published figures for probation can be found in Offender Management Statistics quarterly. For both young males and young females in the matched cohort, those who were sentenced to custody for 12 months or less had the lowest proportion attaining 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G. Figure 7.08 shows that across most disposal types, a greater proportion of young females attained this level than young males. Publication Child Support for Custodial Mothers and Fathers: 1997 October 2000 , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. Among young males who were dealt with by a suspended sentence, 82% had a record of fixed period exclusion, compared to 59% of young females; a 24 percentage point difference. The overall style and composition of the report have also been changed to align with Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018, with the intention of making it easier for readers to interpret the relative experiences of males and females throughout the CJS. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. If there is conviction information available, the suspect with the longest sentence/most serious conviction is determined as the principal suspect. Data are presented in terms of calendar and financial years (usually 2019 or 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. Similarly, we refer to females / males and women / men in this report, as a reflection of the binary classification in use. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. These figures had also reduced significantly from the previous year (males: 13.8%; females: 7.1%). Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. Drunkenness in charge of a child females made up 67% of the 162 convictions, up 6 pp from 2015. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. In 2019, females accounted for the highest proportion of Local Authority prosecutions for the first time since 2016. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. Of the sentenced prison population, sentences can be divided into two broad groups: determinate sentences which are for a fixed period, and indeterminate sentences (these include life sentences and indeterminate sentences for public protection IPPs). Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. Youth custody report for September 2016 published. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. Defendants with sex not stated accounted for 10% of all court proceedings in 2019, companies and public bodies accounted for 1%. Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure the limitations of these data are taken into account. , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. Consequently, there is a lower proportion of effective trials for females (43%) compared to males (50%). Refer to https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf for further details on methodology. The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. For example, data on arrests are presented in financial years, while data from courts is presented in calendar years. This was higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (14% for both young females and young males). These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. The largest difference in proportions between genders for fixed period exclusion was seen for those who were dealt with by a suspended sentence. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. The custody rate for male offenders was highest for Chinese and Other at 37%. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. (2020). , A single individual (includes people and companies) can be counted more than once in a year if they are dealt with by the CJS on more than one occasion. Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. The conviction ratio has been consistently higher for female offenders over the last 5 years, and was 88% in 2019, compared to 87% for males. 4% of crime higher legal aid clients had an unstated sex. Therefore, Figure 3.01 refers to the previous year, 2018/19. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. most serious) remand status. Females had a higher cautioning rate for indictable offences (20%) and a lower rate for summary offences (4%) compared to males (14% and 9% respectively) in 2019. In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. In 2019, over half (55%) of the prosecutions for female defendants were for summary non-motoring offences, compared to under a third (29%) of male defendants. In 2019, a smaller proportion of female offenders were sentenced for indictable offences at 10%, compared to 22% of male offenders. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). In 2019, 341,000 females (26%) and 968,000 (74%) males were formally dealt with by the CJS, either by an out of court disposal (OOCD) or court proceedings. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs without a statement, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.3). Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. In 2019, females made up 17% of offenders issued community orders and 14% of suspended sentence orders (with requirements). , For 2014/15, following SEND reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. The remains . , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. Similarly, in just over half of all . Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. The custody rate ranged between 20% and 23% across all female ethnic groups. This is driven in part by a higher proportion of female offenders getting sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. Females reported that it was harder for family and friend to visit them in prison (this may be due to there being fewer female prisons so the average distance from home is greater). , Persistent absence is when a pupil enrolments overall absence equates to 10 per cent or more of their possible sessions. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of females were given suspended sentences. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. Youth custody report for August 2013 published. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand trends in the CJS in England and Wales, and how these vary between the sexes and over time. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. In 2019/20, 7,002 prisoners completed the survey of which 694 were female. Just over a quarter (26%) of all prosecutions were for female defendants in 2019, which has remained stable over the last 5 years. As with crime lower, there has been a decreasing trend in the volume of crown court legal aid. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. In 2019, the average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for male offenders was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. The proportion of females experiencing domestic abuse in 2019/20 was 7.3%, double that of males (3.6%). The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. A similar trend was seen in male prosecutions over the last five years, where the number of males prosecuted for indictable offences was 25% lower in 2019 than in 2015. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. The largest increase in female representation was seen in court judges by 5 percentage points, to 32%. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. 19.30This breakdown has remained relatively constant over the last 5 years. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. , In 2019/20, the CPS moved from annual reporting, in the Violence Against Women and Girls annual report, to quarterly data. We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44]. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. For example, prisons are either male or female institutions, with prisoners normally placed based on their legally recognised gender. Figure 5.13: Average custodial sentence length, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Females were typically dealt with for less severe offences at court. These proportions have remained constant over the last 5 years. Young females had higher levels of FSM eligibility across all disposals, except for fines, compared to young males. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. Further information on the methodology and cohort size can be found in the technical guide. This is true for all stages of timeliness for drug offences. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. A higher proportion of young females were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, were identified at risk of suicide, self-harm or harm through personal neglect and in need of accommodation, education, employment or training. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. There are also sections covering statistics on out of court disposals which come from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, published by the Ministry of Justice, and experimental pilot data from national Liaison and Diversion services, as supplied by NHS England. Youth custody report for February 2015 published. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. Topics include: Prison Population, Youth Custody, Unsentenced prison remand population, Sentences served in prison (type and length) Receptions and Releases, Her Majestys Inspectorate for Prisons (HMIP) survey[footnote 59], Self-harm in custody, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders). There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. , Individuals with known sex. In 2019, fines were the most common sentence given to both male and female offenders sentenced at all courts, but females typically had less severe sentencing outcomes. The figure was higher for custodial fathers at 54.6%. , A first reception is a measure which counts a prisoners first movement into custody following a court hearing for a particular set of offences committed. , Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. In 2019, 1.29 million defendants[footnote 48] were directed to appear at magistrates courts (including those who failed to appear). , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. , Breakdown by offence type is not available in the CSEW 2019/20 data. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. In 2019, 46% of children remanded at Crown Court for indictable offences were remanded in custody. The ACSL for male offenders in 2019 was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. There is no published data available on Fixed Penalty Notices by sex. In 2019, the custody rate for these offences was 46% for females and 72% for males. , The conviction ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of defendants convicted by the total number of defendants prosecuted in the same period. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. The number of arrests has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. Child custody statistics from the US Census Bureau report published in May 2020 and gathered in 2018 show that there were 12.9 million custodial parents in the US, living with 21.9 million children under 21. Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females.