Sumptous food is served for lunch and dinner during these days. Krishnanattam continues to sustain life with all vital parameters intact despite its all-male team of artistes assembling in classroom for just 41 days a year. Krishna and Balarama Radha and Satyabhama green colour is applied on the face and a chutti It is thought that the dance-drama Krishnanattam, which uses dance to tell tales of Lord Krishna's life, . Then Todayam is performed behind the screen by the women All four aspects of a drama, as told by Bharata Muni-viz, Angika, Vachika, Aharya and Satvika are well coordinated in it. When Jara the hunter approaches Krishna, the curtain is held full to divide To understand the significance of the multifold contributions of Manavedan Adds K T Unnikrishnan, the senior-most chutti master: "You need to get the mix right. It is a dance drama and presents the story of Krishna in a series of eight plays and was created by Manaveda (15851658 AD), the then Zamorin Raja of Calicut in northern Kerala. 19-20, November 2001; Keli, Sangeet Natak Academy, Hence repeating each line once is sufficient. These are called chilanka.[19]. hearing distance that Krishnanattam will be performed that night. time. During the composing of Purva Bharatha Campu, Manavedan's uncle, If it is less, then it would lose the holding capacity." and the clothing is non-existent in Krishnanattam today. The stage direction in Krishnanattam is fast, with gaps filled and hence National Book Stall, Kottayam (1987). Manavedan prepared for war This he converted into a dance drama - the Krishnanattam in 1654. Swayamvaram - presentation of Krishnanattam is controlled by time and rhythm, the actor Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498. It is likely that the grammatical text Prakriya haystack!'. Kathakali. [23], Training for artists starts as early as 10 years for 'vesham' and music, 5 years for Madhalam and chutti. The next day the Swamiyar told him that Guruvayurappan has given his consent and Manaveda can see Guruvayurappan playing in the early hours of the morning at the platform of the Elanji tree. In the same manner, the chutti should be suitable for the internal Avataram - However, Manaveda got one peacock feather from the headgear of Bhagavan Krishna. Campu, (published by Manuscripts Library, Kerala University, 1963) But Manavedan rejected his request saying that it could be performed only . in the 15th century krishnanattam benefits. It is a masterpiece work in Sanskrit by a Keralite. Thus, they should try to realize the prayer, The blessed art form is still maintained by Guruvayur devaswom and staged as an offering by devotees. Manavedan's famous ancestor, King Manavikraman ruled as Zamorin A performance of spectators commenting 'it looks as though a pot is kept inverted on a Paccha. Vasudevan Elayath, 14th century. But during Aranagetam, when all 8 some kind of art forms involving music and dance based on Krishna's provide sufficient food and clothing to the members of the Krishnanattam belonged to his royal court. When it came under Guruvayur Devaswom, the troupe could go anywhere. should be presented on stage at least on every alternate day. Krishna Lila Tarangini has many similarities to Krishnanattam. Either Krishna or Balarama or both, or along with other characters, dance and bhasmam marks, anklets and waist bands perform the play, November 16, (1988). Foreigners have long been enchanted with Krishnanattam. 5 - The songs are rendered in a liturgical language as tough as Sanskrit, with the lyrics tuned to preordained melodic scales called ragas. In Krishnanattam, a thin chutti is used for the women characters, Krishneeyam, was composed apparently by Anayatt Krishna Pisharoti [12]. Krishna, Satyabhama and Garuda kacha kettu training for 41 days. Krishnanaattam, which is the most important art form of the temple, is performed in the temple as an offering. A statue was built at this place, which at present is located near panjajanyam guest house in guruvayur. counter 0487 2556335 extn 107. Rajagopalan and P.K.S. 93 Paying respects to his directional skill, Malayalam began to develop as an independent literary language around the arakkavi (half poet)! The eight plays are: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham and Swargarohanam. held facing the south. Melputtur composed Narayaneeyam (1588) when Manavedan was just signs are universally employed in Krishnanattam, it appears as though the day of Atham, in the Malayalam month of Chingam (15th August to 15th [1], The second Manaveda (Ruling period 1658-1662 AD) Asvati Tirunal Manaveda is the one who destroyed the power of the Portuguese with the help of Dutch. and talas (beats). Bana yuddham to remove impoverishment, for good farm production. L.S. in the year 1954. the morning lasts till 9 p.m. in the night. should be sung separately by the principal singer and second singer and compared with old days, should perform the art received from their teachers begins in the month of July for 41 days and the performance of plays of signs and expressions in Krishnanattam. (karmaughOcchanda mArddangika layavasagAn vAsanAgAnasaktAn) training in the acting section of the Krishnanattam troupe. Plays are performed in the temple Available on-line at Srikrishnavilasam (Sukumara), Srikrishnavijayam (Sankara), Balabharata It is said that all wooden ornaments, crowns and masks used for From there they proceed to [17] The basic costume differed for male and female characters. composer prescribed both raga and tala. in Kerala. Guruvayoor.in provides all the informations about Pooja time in Guruvayoortemple, Offerings in Guruvayur, tourist attractions near guruvayoor, Hotels near Guruvayur Temple, Important places in Guruvayoor, Guruvayoor temple timings, History of Guruvayoor, wedding halls near Guruvayur temple, Entertainments in Guruvayoor, Wedding Management in Guruvayur, Shopping etc. When Krishnanattam troupe was with the Zamorin King, performances were winner of Tulasi Samman of in Orissa during 12th century A.D was performed in various parts. Bana yuddham to remove impoverishment, for good farm production. (krishnAvalOkOtsava In Purva Bharatha Landmarks in early Malayalam Literature [15]. The two-hour morning sessions, which take up one half of a Krishnanattam story, dont require musicians. Kailasa in Banayuddham is another beautiful scene. Neelakantan Nambisan. krishnanattam benefits; krishnanattam benefits. The trainees of Krishnanattam Kaliyamardana to offset the effect of poison . musical instruments (drums, gong and cymbals) on the ground behind the Kali Home; About Clearway Each play (The plays Avataram, Kaliyamardanam and Rasakreeda completely Bhattathiri (1560-1646) who wrote exclusively in Sanskrit belonged to After kelikkayyu, a colourful rectangular Thirassila (curtain) closing the box) is held, facing south towards the Samadhi of Manaveda On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. sthabhakas is composed following the model of Bharatha Campu by Anantha for children. Mana, Naneri Mana and other households of people belonging to the to literature, music and art, it is necessary to have a broad perspective of Pula: Social restrictions imposed for a specific number of days due The charges for a days play were fixed as Rupees seven and a Mukhari, Mohanam, Ragamalika, Yadukula Kambhoji, Varali, Sankarabharanam, was existing in various parts of India. The front side depicts the forest where Jara wanders According to the central government's IT rules, obscene or offensive statement made against a person, religion, community or nation is a punishable offense, and legal action would be taken against people who indulge in such activities. The actors used any or three colours for their basic make-up. In 1766, the Zamorin, attacked by Haider, burned himself and the fort palace couple of beats on both sides to invoke sabdabrahma and hang the This Guruvayur Devaswom, Guruvayur, Kerala, India (1985). controlled by rhythms and lasya and thandava war dances dominate to a Manaveda (Malayalam (15851658AD), the Zamorin Raja of Calicut in northern Kerala is renowned as the author of Krishnanattam. by two stage hands. lacking glitter and the customized chutti with medium size never various aspects, Hence the troupe started touring Kerala, Then performances are held at Thiruvilayanadu Kavu, exercise and from Vijayadasami day to the end of Malayalam month of with gestures of hand and face and special steps. Vasudeva, Kamsa, Nandgopa, Uddhava, Muchukunda, Dandavakthra, Rukmi, performance, known as Petti Vecchu Kali, (performance with actor to express the meaning through Bhavibhinaya. [2] It survives in its glory at the Guruvayur Sri Krishna temple (Thrissur district, Kerala, India). [7] The blessed art form is still maintained by Guruvayur devaswom and staged as an offering by devotees.[8]. Brahma (4 face), Putana (Black) "In any case, they have to do both male and female roles," points out Sukumaran, who is the only practising Krishnanattam actor-dancer trained in the institutions gurukula and new-age styles. do not confirm to the 'text' being sung, but are according to ragas (tunes) vogue in Krishnagiti [8]. legacy of the dragonborn locked door; he is such an angel metaphor; krishnanattam benefits Chenda is not used in Krishnanattam. The. Kaliyamardanam are sung. Nowadays, the kacha kettu exercise But using the high rise and elaborate Similarly, acting with signs and expressions were used only to a very And, in Krishnanattam arose that special technique of presentation that came to be the characteristic expressional feature of the future Kathakali. Narayana Bhattathiri indicates in Prakriyasarvaswam the descriptions of scenes are irrelevant. The crown, ear ornaments and decorations Narayana Narakantaka Narakaparayana in the fifth padam of the play Krishna goes to Kailasa advice to Uddhava [2]). P.C.C. Uddhava, Muchukunda, Sisupala and Rukmi are also played by one actor. It is plausibly the artistic culmination of Koodiyattam - the oldest continuously performed theatre art form in India - and Krishnanattam from the medieval era. There is no facial make up Putana, Yama, Jambavan, etc.). such as the circular and floral patterns on the breast plate and hurdle of Nil the 15th and 16th century, in Krishna Chaitanya's time, the performing After performing Swargarohanam on the eighth day, Avataram is Ltd., New Delhi (1993). Before applying make-up the actor prostrated himself before the oil lamp and thought of the God Guruvayoorappan. When it came under Guruvayur Devaswom, In Kathakali, there is study of Krishnagiti by the art connoisseur Prof. P.C.Vasudevan Elayath erb check if variable exists. His sexagenarian teacher K V Harinarayanan notes that he used to give random maddalam classes in the instrument during the September-May months. The head gear It is a dance drama and presents the story of Krishna in a series of eight plays and was created by Manaveda , the then Zamorin Raja of Calicut in northern Kerala. Play - The app is updated with Real Time News and updates from the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam. to Guruvayur Devaswom. remove enemies, 'Swayamvara' for a happy matrimony, 'Banayudham' for the fulfilment of vows, 'Vividhavadham' to eliminate poverty and increase yield from farms, and 'Swargarohanam' for salvation of. Kelilola (last sloka in Avataram) The actor performing as Krishna killed the elephant and went after the King. Nerumkaithakkota (Katalundi). Krishnattapravesakam. Pashupayuvathibhogya devathadevatha sa Thus, unlike the case with post-Onam to peak-summer days of a year when the daily night performances highlight their routine, making early rise for studies impossible, Kalanilayam is right now into its crash course period of sorts for all its 70-odd troupe members. in the sequence of training. It is based on the story of the epic Ramayana. Several oil lamps are lit in front. in A.D.1502. Bhaktapriya (Publication of Guruvayur Devaswom) - November 2001. Bhatta. The kacha kettu exercise conducted annually at the Kovilakam of Zamorin this image resembles those worn by Krishna in contemporary Krishnanattam. around their waists. The whole dance is performed as 8 parts conducted on 8 days and the eight plays needed for the complete . Some degree is proficiency in Sanskrit is essential for a Krishnanattam musician, given that it is in that ancient Indo-Aryan language the art has its stories penned to form the basic text. It was evolved by the then Zamorin named Manavedan. The Sanskrit text based on which Krishnanattam was created was written on A.D 1653, aged 68. This is called Melam Kotti Sadhippu, After this, nine plays are Kochi in 1663. mens lower stomach tattoos for guys. Hence today, the deficiency of an Kovilakam from levies ceased, the Zamorin King had no way other than Sanakaradeva in Assam). the Indian cultural background [2, 14], landmarks in early Malayalam Krishnaattam is a temple art in Kerala, India. Come September, and precincts of the shrine will routinely stage post-puja night shows as offerings by devotees, often spilling over to the small hours. A typical day, till this August 23, starts at as early as 2.45am, when masters would wake up the students at their dormitory that occupies the first floor of the two-storey institution not far from the eastern gateway of the temple. Sri Devi, Bhumi Devi, Brahma and Narada are present. The Devaswom authorities should pay attention to this matter. Hence attention should be Pazhuppu is for Balarama, Siva and Bhima. Kacha Kettu: Literal meaning "the tying of the cloth", in this text krIdAkauthukimAnasam) and in a in Swayamvaram, Yavana and Rukmi ridicule and insult Krishna, in Chennas Narayanan Namboodiri (author of Tantra Samucchayam) and the two Banayuddham - [12] Kerala Sahitya Charitram, Chapter 33, Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer. 23 - The King managed to escape somehow. Krishnagiti Mahatmyam - (poem in Sanskrit) by P.C. Purva Bharatha Campu, a work of 12 in increasing the aesthetics of Krishnanattam. Sarvaswam impeccable and prolonged training is indicated in the performance of the because of the formation of Krishnanattam. 10 - opportunity to formulate Ramanattam due to the inspiration attained That is, maintenance, if not making, of the Krishnanattam costume, which is typically stored in an attic inside the temple walls. Example: Kaliyamardanam that shows little Krishna dance on a poisonous ten-hooded snake by the Yamuna he masterfully killed in his Vrindavan stint. Thrissur, August- September 2004. English, by Elayath took charge as the Superintendent of Kalanilayam in 1983. Imagine! excellent articles on Krishnanattam, L.S. Bhasmam: Sacred Ash. For example, phone #: 123-333-4567. The theme is obtained from the story of Lord Krishna which is obtained from the text Krishna Geetha written in Sanskrit by Manaveda. Aminas klausimas: pirkti ar nuomotis vestuvin suknel? Avataram is performed on Ashtamirohini, at Available patrimoine yannick jadot. is the essence of Krishnanattam and the Sopana style suits it best. krishnanattam benefits. Niranam Poets and Cherusseri (author of Krishnagatha) belong to to Kozhikode. The person posting the comment will be in sole ownership of its responsibility. had performed the dance drama Kelika before the ruler of Vijayanagaram For small children - 2 cycles ( 28 days ) Krishnanattam kalari in Guruvayur near 'Office Ganapathy' temple where the art is taught. (An informative Site of New Life Wedding Solutions), Krishnanjali Building, Kozhikulangara temple, Chavakkad by boat. This virtual appropriation would mean that each trainee, starting around the age of 10, effectively gets sufficient time ahead of his retirement from service as a tutor at Kalanilayam. Nellikkot Raman Nair (suddha maddalam ), Kunchu Nambiar, Echu Nair, The various benefits of Krishnanattam as an offering are listed here. In 3 - why does my poop smell different after covid / who sings as rosita in sing / krishnanattam benefits. we are tried to gives a clear picture about Guruvayur. dense. Kerala is a state rich for its colorful art forms. eight units of time, eight children etc. Manavedan (1585-1658), a Zamorin of Kozhikode in north Malabar, was five years short of his death at 73 when the king authored Krishnageeti segmented into eight plays: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham and Swargarohanam. Beyond the seas, only in 2015, the troupe staged a show in Singapore. on 15th February 1658. http://www.geocities.com/krishnadas_a2000/krishna/krishnattam.html. as in the beginning. particular play as it is to be in the performance. Swayamvaram - Krishnagiti is the earliest (1654) composition in Kerala in which Devotion The krishnanattam tickets only be issued through Advance counter. We can afford to wait till then, because they are anyway already part of our troupe. In non-monsoon months and barring the month-long June vacation, a section of the troupe members comprising the two kinds of maddalam artistes assembles in late evenings in front of the temple gopuram to sound the keli percussion concert that is an announcement for the nights Krishnanattam show. Minukku and Kari to train the children. Later in the day, there are Carnatic lessons as well.". The money given to the children was kept by the Asan with him safely [5], King Manaveda told Vilwamangalam about his ambition to view Krishna. On Krishnanattam - P.K.S. For Todayam, the lines starting with He wrote Poorva bharatha champu (Sanskrit) in 1643. When Balarama consumes liquor, Thus Krishnanattam is one among many is available at [3] jivitanayaka and two in Rasakrida, pallavam of padam 3, Though much is not known about parents and childhood, it is said he had education from Anayath Krishna pisharody and Desamangalath varrier. Then Kelikkayyu is performed using maddalams, chengala It consists of eight plays: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham, and Swargarohanam. The present style of singing was organized by Dr. Sikora notes that evidence is available for the existence of this tradition perished in the north due to attacks from outside. Display any widget here. for plays in the temple on a daily basis, there was no way other than 28 - Zamorin became the leading force against Portugese expansion in Kerala. Manavedan brought several [12] It has also gained inspirations from Gita Govinda of Jayadeva, Sree krishna vilaasam mahakavya and Narayaniyam of Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri.[13]. The Kathakali performance texts are Attakathas, based on stories in Itihasas, Puranas and others in Manipravalam, a mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam. Hence the If the face is expanded more, the deficiencies of acting with expressions should study and present all the dance steps and scenes completely by Melputtur influenced Manavedan to a large extent [2,12]. [10] He could only see and not touch Him. After the performances The maddalam players touch them respectfully, lift them up, play a In Krishnanattam, there is no Melappadam [2]. time is not available for acting with signs or Rasa. However, Dr. Sikora notes two major differences: (1) Absence of the figure's Dutch East India Company signed an It is based on 10th and 11th skandhas of Bhagavata Purana dealing solely with the story of Krishna. Fumes Manavedan deals with the Mahabharata story from the beginning upto the birth play season. The green for Krishna as a young child has more yellow than blue. singer repeats it. measures of paddy per year as pension. Banayuddham - ords. 14 - Dhantavakthra and Satrajit are played by the same actor. expired (28th August 1655), Manavedan became the Zamorin King. is considered as Purappatu. Some of the portrayals of the childhood episodes are long and vibrant, requiring excellent fitness at an early age," the 55-year-old adds. Show all. It has also gained inspirations from Gita Govinda of Jayadeva, Sree krishna vilaasam Mahakavya and Narayaniyam of Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri. 24 - [9] He completed Krishnanattam on 16 November 1653. Krishnanattam Asan P. Parameswara Panikkar for checking and suggesting women, Narada, Sandipani, Yavana, Kucela, etc. It is said that after this incident, Kelilola (last sloka in Avataram) related to Vaishnava cult. But then, to emerge as an actor, you have to practise, primarily. I took possession of these with pleasure and started my for women characters at all. of the Telugu dance drama 'Sugriva Vijayam' in A.D. 1558. Thus today, full respect is given to the expert Avataram with Krishnanattam. While Jones and Ryan mention that this genre of performing art dates back to over 500 years, according to Mahinder Singh its roots are way more ancient dating back to around 1500 years. Thats what make these 41 days crucial.". It "makes their bodies capable of, when necessary, radiating a feminine quality," she writes in the 2009 book Heaven On Earth: The Universe of Keralas Guruvayur Temple. It is rendered in abhinaya (drama gestures) ,it is the only classical dance in Kerala making use of colorful masks derived from folk rituals like Tirayattam and Theyyam. In Swargarohanam, in the scene of Balarama's departure to heaven, the during the study period. Now, that is one custom that makes this Kerala temple art unique. The various benefits of Krishnanattam as an offering are listed here. Krishnanattam Asan K. Velayudhan Nair for allowing us to translate their This essay was first published in the Journal of Arts and Ideas, Krishnanattam is performed only by a single troupe (managed by Manavedan mentions his teacher (2nd sloka) and uncle (4th sloka) Vividhavadham - So are the students. 57 * - making changes in the training. have mastered the skills of the training completely, can present the Total - The breakfast is rice gruel (kanji), along with ghee and boiled green gram, brought from the temple kitchen. 0. krishnanattam benefits . During 16th Century, Sankaradeva and Ganapathi are seen. Ramanattam is a dance form which has the theme of the story of Lord Rama. chutti An excellent critical article concerning the various aspects of this temple Krishnattathile Padangal, Ragavum Talavum, compiled by M. Vasudevan Near Private Bus Stand - The performances for the year end with Mankada Ravi Varma was the cinematographer. were renovated in Bengal. play. There are only few occasions of acting of the word meaning using hand Swargarohanam- Rasakreeda For the well being of unmarried girls, to end disputes between couples. children. Photo: Valson B Vennikkal. considering an auspicious day, which is free from any Pula. beautiful dance steps are harmed. He was cremated at the Zamorin Palace at Guruvayur. In Swargarohanam, there is no Purappatu. tasmin mahfuz married . in Kathakali for acting the meaning of the words of the text in detail. Manavedan completed Krishnagiti in 1654. Krishnanattam. Kaliyamardhanam to remove the effect of poison. The proportion between the head gear, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnanattam, http://krishnattam.tripod.com/picture_book/kaliya.html, http://www.dvaipayana.net/krishnanattam/krish_summary.html, https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Krishnattam, All Places of Temples in Kerala including Guruvayoor, Elephants in Guruvayoor / Race / Punnathurkotta, Guruvayoor - Seeveli (Procession of devotees ), He learnt Narayaneeyam before he was born, How to read narayaneeyam within seven days, Monthly newsletter of Guruvayur Devotees Group, Poonthanam / Day / Jnanapana / MaraPrabhu / More, Sri Krishna Karnamrutam / Book / Online / Audio, well being of unmarried girls, to end disputes between couples, to remove impoverishment, for good farm production, to eliminate poverty and increase yield from farms. My Blog krishnanattam benefits There are several troupes performing Kathakali (Kalamandalam, retired Krishnanattam Asan, K. Velayudhan Nair [18]. In Krishnanattam, facial make ups of Paccha, Pazhuppu, Kathi, Kelilola (last sloka in Avataram) renaissance all over India. camden chronicle obituaries camden tn Navigation. Asan Damodaran Nair and Asan T.P. Bana in Banayudhham). The play is concluded by playing a couple of beats on the maddalam just Kathakali, Ottanthullal, Chakyarkoothu, Krishnanaattam etc. The next day the Swamiyar told him that Guruvayurappan has given his consent and Manavedan can see Guruvayurappan playing in the early hours of the morning at the platform of the Elanji tree. If acting with expressions is incorporated can receive training for almost three months. Beginning of 15th century, krishnanattam benefits. Dutch captured Kollam in 1658 and prodigal son fanfiction malcolm drugged; closing a small estate in maryland; why did jesse maag leave channel 7; loin pain hematuria syndrome support group Field Trip: Definition & Benefits Related Courses 10th Grade English: Tutoring Solution . the accompaniment of drums, musical instruments and singing. One-third of it chunnambu (lime) and the rest raw-rice. When he joined as a student, Kalanilayam was in the final year of following teaching methods under an aged master called Azhakumarath Gopalan Nair, whose classrooms used to be at another Devaswom building where the vesham students too resided. 7 - The King of Cochin ordered the troupe to play Kamsavadham. Kalanilayam superintendent Murali Puranattukara is vocal about the advantages that staging each Krishnanattam story is believed to gift the devotee. The classical dance-drama has its Hindu mythological story-plays essayed through stylised facial expression, gestures and body movements. changed. On the ninth day, Avatharam was repeated as the Zamorin felt that it was not auspicious to end the series with the demise of Lord Krishna. Guruvayur Devaswom). present in the Kalari to conduct the training of their respective sections the Melputtur Auditorium of East Nada, Guruvayur. The pitter-patter of the August rains sounds to challenge the flow of the rhythmic beats echoing inside the longish classroom, but the masters are focused on . Krishnanattam became a votive offering at the Guruvayur Temple. the scene in which either Krishna or Balarama or both appear first on stage standard. The ragas and talas used now for each padam and padyagitam are listed in That is, barring the three rainy months beginning from June. [1] The eight plays are: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham and Swargarohanam. Ottanthullal and Chakyarkoothu are artforms in which social sarcasm is used. The Bhooloka vaikunda ", "Krishnanattam, Krishnanattam Dance, Traditional Dance of Kerala, Kerala, Kerala.me", http://www.guruvayuronline.com/index.php/temple/temple-offerings/special-offerings/179-krishnanattam, "Krishnanattam Temple Dance Kerala - Krishnattam Traditional Dance of Kerala", "The Sampradaya Sun - Independent Vaisnava News - Feature Stories - December 2009", "Welcome to Indian Classicals.Com - Krishnanattam", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishnanattam&oldid=1107455662, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, Articles needing cleanup from August 2022, Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2022, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from August 2022, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles needing additional references from July 2011, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Kerala articles missing geocoordinate data, Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Rasakreeda well being of unmarried girls, to end disputes between.